PIK3CA and type 2 diabetes mellitus: For instance, the mutations in genes such as PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha) and AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1) can lead to dysregulation of the pathway or alteration of signaling capacity, resulting in the development of insulin resistance and its association with T2DM.37, 38