Similarly, across the NPC, CC, CRC, BRCA, and AM scRNA-seq data cohorts, we consistently observed apCAFs exhibited elevated expression for complement C1Q molecules, specifically C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC, in contrast to other subpopulations of fibroblasts (Supplementary Figures 9A-E). This evidence concerns the gene C1QA and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.