These works used (CRISPR)/Cas9-edited cell line-injected NSG mice for in vivo validation of candidate cancer genes of interest and demonstrated the critical roles of high-risk alterations such as del(11q), del(17p), BIRC3, ATM, and TP53 mutations alone or in combination for their biological effects (96, 97), BCR-targeted drug resistance (98), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy responses (99). This evidence concerns the gene ATM and cancer.