IL10 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Our previous study showed that Tlr9fl/flCd19-Cre+ NOD mice protected from T1D development by promoting IL-10-associated immune network (9), and in the current study, we revealed that the altered gut microbiota in Tlr9fl/flCd19-Cre+ NOD mice were the cause of promoting the IL-10+ Breg cells and protected the hosts from T1D development.