TNF and cancer: This targeting mechanism of ExoDS may be attributed to a variety of membrane receptors like integrin α and β chains (αMβ2), ICAM-1, MFG-E8, TNF, FasL, CD86, CD80, CD40, CD83, MHC-I, MHC-II, NKG2D, IL-15Rα, CD21, CD11c, and CCR7, which help mDC-derived exosomes identify cancer cells.