IFNL1 and infection: IL-29 levels have been shown to be elevated in patients with periodontitis,31 breast cancer patients with periodontitis,32 and those infected with HPV,33 and to be decreased in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and patients with diabetic foot ulcers.34 IL-29 was upregulated across all variables, suggesting that IL-29 may be upregulated to prevent the co-incidence of viral or other infections after traumatic injuries.