Thus, this randomized controlled trial compared the impact of a high-protein, low-fat DSNS (DSNS-HP), which included low-glycemic carbohydrates (resistant maltodextrin and inulin), to isocaloric, instant oatmeal (IOM), a commonly consumed breakfast food, on postprandial glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 responses in people with T2DM. Here, GCG is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.