As the blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC)-mediated Ca2+ influx suppresses NNK-induced IGF2 exocytosis and IGF-1R activation [25], we hypothesized that blockade of IGF2 secretion using clinically available calcium channel blocker (CCB), such as amlodipine (Amlo), would prevent the development of NB-induced emphysema. This evidence concerns the gene IGF2 and pulmonary emphysema.