Although tumor biomarkers, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) and prothrombin induced by vitamin K deficiency or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), could not be used to directly diagnose HCC, they may predict tumor progression and even outcomes of HCC patients [67]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.