In patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the levels of m5C and NSUN2 expression are decreased in CD4+ T cells, and hypermethylated m5C is involved in immune-related and inflammatory pathways, including the immune system, cytokine signaling, and interferon (IFN) signaling [257]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.