Furthermore, the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 facilitates tumor evasion of immunosurveillance by fostering immune tolerance and curtailing the proliferation, survival, and effector functions of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), as well as triggering apoptosis in tumor-infiltrating T cells [299]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.