GFAP and Alzheimer disease: In PsEVs, the diagnostic efficacy of GFAP by ROC analysis was observed as for AMC vs MCI (AUC = 0.8393, p < 0.0001, Sn = 88%, Sp = 76.67%) (Fig. 3R), AMC vs. AD (AUC = 0.8814, p < 0.0001, Sn = 91.43%, Sp = 76.67%) compared to AMC (Fig. 3S); MCI vs AD (AUC = 0.7657, p < 0.0001, Sn = 74.29%, Sp = 72%) (Fig. 3T).