DPP4 and heart failure: Regarding the type of DM, the crude mortality rates showed high figures for T1DM compared with T2DM, probably because of the most frequent use of insulin, which is most associated with glycemic variability, and because T2DM patients are more likely (Table 3) to take medications such as DPP-4 inhibitors and ISGLT-2, which have been shown to reduce vascular complications (e.g., heart failure and CKD).