Previous studies reporting aberrant CSF concentrations of these cytokines in LDH (IL8), OA (CCL11, CD5, IL8, and MMP-10), neuropathic pain (CCL11 and IL8), and fibromyalgia (CCL11 and IL8) establish their importance in chronic pain.6–9,11,34,40,52,53 In addition, CCL11 and IL8 concentrations were inversely associated with symptom severity in a cohort of patients with OA,38,53 suggesting modulatory effects on neuroimmunity that are not exclusively exacerbating. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and fibromyalgia.