CXCL8 and multiple sclerosis: IL8 acts on neurons, glia, and the BBB,43,60 and has been implicated in reduction of neuronal output60 and BBB dysfunction.10,12,27 CCL11 has documented effects on glia and neurons,30,54,58,72 and has been implicated in multiple sclerosis.54 Its effects in chronic pain conditions and on the BBB remain elusive.