Pretreatment tumor tissues from female patients had markedly lower tumor mutation and neoantigen burden, but significantly higher CD4, CD4/FOXP3, and CD4/FOXP3/PD‐L1 expression level than male patients, suggesting sex‐based neoantigen burden and immune microenvironmental feature heterogeneity would orchestrate the response to first‐line PD‐1 blockade plus chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.