IL33 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: 42, 43, 44 Consistent with the elevated mRNA expression of IL-33 in human disease, we found a significant increase in both IL-33 mRNA and protein expression in kidneys of mice with T2D with reduced kidney function (db/db unx; Figure 1d and e). Interestingly, Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mice did not exhibit a similar upregulation of IL-33 at 16 weeks, suggesting a distinct disease time course or divergence in inflammatory responses between type 1 diabetes and T2D in these models (Supplementary Figure S4).