This process involves an increase in inflaming cytokine release (Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)) and may result in the transformation of non-malignant stromal cell types (fibroblasts and macrophages) into cancer-related fibroblasts and macrophages (12, 41, 75, 76). The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is cancer.