Th9 cells are moreabundant in RA patients compared to healthy individuals.70 Their upregulation correlated with the accumulationof B and T cells in ectopic lymphoid structures.71 In inflammatory arthritis, IL-9 has been found to promotethe growth and survival of pathological T cells in the synovium, triggeredby mTOR kinase cascade activation. The gene discussed is IL9; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.