TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: NF-κB is importantin RA through its involvement in the signaling of cytokines IL-6,IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α which play a significant role in inflammation.102 It also plays a vital role in breaking centraland peripheral tolerance, leading to the development of autoimmunityand in the maturation of B, T, and dendritic cells.103 The well-known inflammation mediators TNF-α, IL-1,and IL-6, are associated with NF-κB and promote chronic inflammationand joint destruction in RA via autocrine and paracrine signaling.