In addition, the loss of PTEN can also promote immune suppression by escalating the population of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the secretion of immune-inhibitory cytokines, leading to reduced T-cell infiltration and enhanced infiltration of regulatory T-cells (Treg) within the tumor (Rizvi and Chan, 2016; Bezzi et al., 2018). Here, PTEN is linked to neoplasm.