BTN3A2 and BTN3A2 may play key roles in related diseases, including the increased IgA nephropathy risk (β = 0.0832, P = 1.24 × 10−11) [45], decreased autoimmune disease risk (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, β =  − 0.256) [70], decreased type 1 diabetes risk (β =  − 0.269566, P = 1.34 × 10−23) [71], and inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating the ROS/MAPK pathway via interacting with RPS3A [72]. Here, RPS3A is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.