STAT3 and lung carcinoma: TAMs, in contrast, express PD-L1 to deplete effector cells and induce PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells by secreting IFN-γ via the Janus kinase/signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway [29].