Resveratrol (RSV), a potential replacement for E2, can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 and NF-κB in the hippocampus by increasing the levels of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (sirtuin 1, SIRT1), thereby restraining the increase in caspase-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome effectors caused by the activation of NLRP3, the conversion of pro-IL-1β to mature IL-1β and the strong release of IL-1β and IL-18, effectively combating depression and anxiety-like behaviors caused by estrogen deficiency (Fig. 1) [43]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to major depressive disorder.