Sex, age, race, high-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, asparate aminotransferase, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, serum 25(OH)D, phosphorus, eGFR, total cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, vigorous work activity, gout, liver disease, kidney disease, history of fracture, thyroid disease, and removing both ovaries were included as covariates, we further evaluated whether BMI mediate the association between SUA and OP/osteopenia. Here, ALB is linked to liver disorder.