ACE and hyperlipidemia: We first matched (1) healthy subjects with normal urine ACR and without hypertension, hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus; (2) subjects with high urine ACR and not on treatment; and (3) subjects treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) who had normal urine ACR (successfully treated).