AKT1 and brain ischemia: For example, Rg1 reduces OS and downregulates the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thus attenuating cognitive dysfunction induced by D‐galactose and preventing senescence in neural stem cells in mice.[30] Additionally, Rg1 ameliorates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by targeting Toll‐like receptor 4 in microglia,[31] and it supports functional recovery following SCI by inhibiting OS and inflammation via the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway.[16] Despite these insights, the application of Rg1 in preconditioning EVs remains underexplored, particularly in the context of CNS injuries.