GSDMD and heart injury: Additionally, Jia et al. found that NLRP3, gasdermin D (GSDMD), cleaved caspase-1, and cleaved IL-1β levels were upregulated in acute hypobaric hypoxia rats (6000 m, exposure for 3 days), suggesting that acute hypobaric hypoxia could activate the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway in heart tissue of acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced heart injury rats (Jia et al., 2023).