INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Diabetes represents one of the most widespread metabolic diseases worldwide and hyperglycemia is the common outcome of the two main forms of this disorder: type 1 diabetes mellitus, characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, and (T2DM), the most common, characterized by insulin resistance and a poor efficacy of insulin to control glucose homeostasis (Eizirik et al., 2020).