The evidence collected in a mouse model of NAFLD suggests that the liver expression of INOS is increased in macrophages and conversely the INOS knockdown decreases the macrophages number; this latter effect is associated with an improvement of autophagy observed by an increase of the autophagy-related molecules LC3 in macrophages which contribute to the maintenance of intracellular liver homeostasis during NAFLD (Jin et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.