TGFB1 and spondylolysis: STAM binding protein (STAMBP) (OR = 1.4734; 95% CI: 1.0790–2.0119; p = 0.0148; Padjust = 0.0886), and T‐cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform (CD6 isoform) (OR = 1.1637; 95% CI: 1.0382–1.3043; p = 0.0092; Padjust = 0.0551) can increase spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis risk, whereas monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP2) (OR = 0.9083; 95% CI: 0.8351–0.9878; p = 0.0247; Padjust = 0.1485) and latency‐associated peptide transforming growth factor beta 1 (LAP‐TGF‐β1) (OR = 0.7860; 95% CI: 0.6551–0.9431; p = 0.0096; Padjust = 0.0575) can reduce spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis risk (Figure S5).