TGFB1 and Cowden syndrome 1: We found that genetically predicted β‐NGF, CXCL6, and IL‐6 increased the risk of CS; FGF19, SULT1A1, and TNF‐β increased the risk of PD/SD, whereas u‐PA decreased the risk of PD/SD; FGF19 and TNF increased the risk of SCS; and MCP2 and LAP‐TGF‐β1 reduced the risk of spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis, whereas STAMBP and CD6 isoform raised the risk.