In mammals, GnRHR can trigger post-receptor signalling via a single type/multiple types of G proteins in different cells/tissues in a context-dependent manner, e.g., with Gq/11 coupling in pituitary gonadotrophs, Gq/11 and Gs coupling in hypothalamic neurons and Gi coupling in cancer cells (e.g., prostate cancer) (69). Here, GNAI1 is linked to cancer.