INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Certain polyphenols might improve insulin sensitivity, leading to better blood sugar control and reducing the workload on the kidneys [79,80,81]; modulate enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, potentially helping to regulate blood sugar levels [82,83]; and may reduce the risk factors for type 2 diabetes by protecting against glucolipotoxicity-induced damage [84], helping prevent diabetic nephropathy [85,86,87,88,89].