IGFBP2 and triple-negative breast carcinoma: After examining the impact of IGFBP-2 on DNA damage induced by etoposide in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer cells, the study extended its investigation to triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), characterised by the absence of ER, PR, and HER2 (a member of the EGFR family) [40,43].