CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In our series, in the first-line systemic treatment of advanced NSCLC, combining an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor with (a) another immunotherapy (anti-CTLA4) with or without a short course chemotherapy with a platinum doublet or with (b) a full course platinum doublet chemotherapy (plus pemetrexed maintenance for non-squamous NSCLC) lead to an overall survival and progression-free survival similar to those observed in the registration studies and represented a clear historical advance over chemotherapy alone.