TR36 (stage IIB, squamous-cell carcinoma, 65-year-old male with diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoker) has a TP53 missense mutation c.701A>G characterized as likely pathogenic with moderate impact on protein function and reported in Li–Fraumeni syndrome and different cancer types including squamous-cell lung carcinoma; and a PIK3CA missense mutation c.1624G>A characterized as pathogenic with moderate impact on protein function and reported also in squamous-cell lung carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and diabetes mellitus.