We also demonstrated that the blockade of PD-L1 function with a PD-L1-neutralizing antibody or knockdown of TWIST1 to diminish TWIST1-induced PD-L1 expression in breast cancer cells greatly reversed the exhaustion status of CD8+ T cells and reinvigorated CD8+ T cells to inhibit breast cancer cells in the coculture. Here, CD274 is linked to breast cancer.