ESR1 and breast cancer: Regarding the molecular mechanisms for TWIST1-mediated transcription in breast cancer cells, we and others have demonstrated that TWIST1 interacts with and recruits the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to repress the expression of epithelial genes such as CDH1 (E-cadherin), ESR1 (ERα), and FOXA1, while it interacts with and recruits the NuA4/TIP60 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex (TIP60-Com) to activate the expression of mesenchymal genes such as SNAI2 and growth genes such as MYC, WNT5A, and CCNE1 [26,32,33].