TGFB1 and histiocytic sarcoma: The gut microbiome alterations may also decrease the production of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), that can inhibit the host’s PRRs and induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which are reduced in HS patients.