De Palma et al. [56] investigated the connection between gut microbiota and mucosal surface immunoglobulin secretion (IgA, IgG, IgM antibodies) in CeD patients, noting higher levels of Bacteroides/Prevotella taxa in CeD patients along with reduced IgA-coated bacteria, indicating compromised mucosal barrier function and heightened susceptibility to harmful antigens and pathogens. Here, CD40LG is linked to cranioectodermal dysplasia.