HIF1A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the anti-HCC effects of epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids such as Chaetocochin J, primarily attributed to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathway and downregulation of HIF-1α expression under hypoxic conditions, disrupting the binding of HIF-1α/p300.