As regards the ubiquitous expression of VDR, and, in particular, in insulin-sensitive tissues, a study analyzing human and rodent data showed that: (1) 25OHD repletion in insulin-resistant, overweight-to-obese persons was associated with reductions in subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of pro-inflammatory and profibrotic genes, decreased collagen immunofluorescence, and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity as well as worsening trends after six months on the placebo suggesting progressive metabolic effects of 25OHD deficiency. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.