Hpse upregulation has been reported in many inflammatory diseases, including delayed-type hypersensitivity, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, pulmonary inflammation, pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, etc. [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. The gene discussed is HPSE; the disease is atherosclerosis.