MTOR and neoplasm: The dedifferentiation of non-stem epithelial cells into tumor-initiating cells depends mainly on the level of Wnt signaling and is also influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) through different signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB, which link inflammatory and immune signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor-initiating cells [11].