TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: This review aims to focus on clinical trials investigating the potential of targeted drug modulation of stemness pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, TGF-β/SMAD, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), DNA damage response, and Hippo-YAP, in the treatment of CRC (Figure 1).