PRKAA1 and atherosclerosis: Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect mediated by AMPK signaling in ECs has also been confirmed in the context of atherosclerosis in vivo, as the disturbed flow in atherosclerotic-prone regions has been reportedly associated with increased AMPK signaling, which led to enhanced glycolysis in ECs mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) [74].