The newly developed hSSPN-specific antibodies significantly overperform E2 and effectively recognize endogenous hSSPN in the muscle sections from the, control (healthy human) and from patients with Becker muscular dystrophy, where SSPN is reduced substantially at the sarcolemma (Figure 7, clones 289-17, 289-18, and 290-04). Here, SSPN is linked to Becker muscular dystrophy.