TARDBP and Neurodegeneration: In particular, AD is characterized by the accumulation of phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau in neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits; PD presents neuronal accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies dementia; HD is a monogenic progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine (CAG) repeat in the first exon of the Huntingtin gene (HTT), triggering the accumulation of toxic oligomers of the mutant huntingtin protein [4]; ALS is characterized by aggregates of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) [5,6,7].