VEGFA and neurodegenerative disease: Several studies have demonstrated that improvements in animal models of degenerative diseases, such as acute renal failure, liver cirrhosis, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, or the multifunctional complications associated with diabetes, are related to the ability of MSCs to produce and secrete trophic factors (i.e., HGF, IGF-1, VEGF, VEGF-a induced by zeolitic imidazolate framework 8, EPO, and GDNF [50,171]).