NFKB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Consequently, the activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway largely contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ulcerative colitis, and others.