TNF and posterior cortical atrophy: Both of these findings further support our hypothesis that OA can promote PCa by OA representing a systemic inflammatory chronic condition with a multitude of increased serum markers of inflammation including interleukins, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin), and other proteins, including chemokines (COMP, hyaluronan, CCL2) and others, such as TNF-α, various fibroblast growth factors, etc. [14,15].