NSG1 and cancer: Previous studies found that NSG1 can promote the EMT of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by activating the ERK signaling pathway [16], and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was also found to be abnormally activated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer cells [17,18,19], which can promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells.