TNF and diabetes mellitus: The 6-week intervention with AGE-Apt did not affect glycemic or metabolic parameters or AGE accumulation levels in DM mice at 13 weeks of age (Table 1, Figure 1B,C), but it significantly reduced 8-OHdG levels, Rage, Mcp-1, Tnf-α, and Cyp17a1 gene expressions, and the numbers of F4/80- and TUNEL-positive cells in the testes of DM mice (Figure 1D–H and Figure S1).