UBA1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Additionally, IRX1, a transcription factor associated with anti-fibrotic functions in myocardial health [41], predominantly regulates genes in 1_fl including Fhl2 (modulating cardiac hypertrophy) [42], Lpl (crucial for lipid metabolism and energy utilization) [43], Uba1 (key in protein degradation and cardiac stress management) [44], and Usp2 (regulation of overload-induced cardiac remodeling) [45] (Figure 5D).