BNIP3 and periodontitis: The results pertaining to mitophagy-related markers indicated that the expression levels of mitophagy pathway-related genes (Bnip3 and Fundc1) and autophagy-related genes (Map1lc3a and Map1lc3b) were significantly upregulated in the periodontitis+TTM group when compared with the periodontitis group (Figure 5C).