SPINK7 and colitis: The expression of chemokines/cytokines including CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL11, and CCL17 was also much higher in the SPINK7−/− colitis tissues than that in SPINK7+/+ tissues [36]; elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines is expected to lead to more severe inflammation in colonic tissues.